Python Basic Practice Exercise For Beginners | How to Learn Python Programming | Realcode4you

Type Casting in Python

x=34
y='November'

type(x)

output:

int

type(y)

output:

str

x='34'
type(x)

output:

str

Numeric Data and Operations

x=2
y=19
print(x+y)

output:

21

x-y
print(x*y)

output:

38

x/y

output:

0.10526315789473684

x^y , x**y
# ^ bitwise or
# do not use ^ for powers 
# always use **

output:

(17, 524288)

z=(x/y)**(x*y+3)
z

output:

8.190910549494282e-41

x+2,y/10,x-y,x**y

output:

8.190910549494282e-41

a=x+2
b=y/10
c=x-y
d=x**y
a,b,c,d

output:

(4, 1.9, -17, 524288)

Boolean Data and Operations

x=True
y=False
type(x)

output:

bool

x and y, x & y

output:

(False, False)

x or y , x | y 

output:

(True, True)

not x 

output:

False

not y

output:

True

a=34
a>34 

output:

False

(a>34) and (a=='lalit')

output:

False

• checking equality : "=="

• in-equality : "!="

• greater than : ">"

• less than : "<"

• greater than or equal to : ">="

• less than or equal to : "<="

String Data and Operations

x='Python'
y='Data'
type(x),type(y)

output:

(str, str)

len(x),len(y)

output:

(6, 4)

x+y

output:

'PythonData'

x*3

output:

'PythonPythonPython'

z=x+' and '+y
z

output:

'Python and Data'

type(z)

output:

str

z.lower()

output:

'python and data'

z

output:

'Python and Data'

z.upper()

output:

'PYTHON AND DATA'

z.capitalize()

output:

'Python and data'

z.rjust(20)

output:

' Python and Data'

z.ljust(20)

output:

'Python and Data '

Indexing

x='PythonIndex'
x

output:

'Python and data'

x[4]

output:

'o'

x[-5]

output:

'I'

x[2:7]

output:

'thonI'

Lists

x=[20,92,43,83,"lalit","a","c",45]
x[3:7]

output:

[83, 'lalit', 'a', 'c']

x[2:]

output:

[43, 83, 'lalit', 'a', 'c', 45]

x[:4]

output:

[20, 92, 43, 83]

x

output:

[20, 92, 43, 83, 'lalit', 'a', 'c', 45]

x[3]

output:

83

Flow Control In Python

x=12
if x>10:

   print('my value is larger than 10')

else:

    difference=10-x

    print('x is smaller than 10 by '+str(difference))

OUTPUT:

my value is larger than 10

x=[5,40,12,-10,0,32,4,3,6,72]

for value in x:

    if value>10:

        print('my value is larger than 10')

    else:

        difference=10-value

        print('x is smaller than 10 by '+str(difference))

        print('hello again')

    print('hello')

print('hello there')

OUTPUT:

x is smaller than 10 by 5
hello again
hello
my value is larger than 10
hello
my value is larger than 10
hello
x is smaller than 10 by 20
hello again
hello
x is smaller than 10 by 10
hello again
hello
my value is larger than 10
hello
x is smaller than 10 by 6
hello again
hello
x is smaller than 10 by 7
hello again
hello
x is smaller than 10 by 4
hello again
hello
my value is larger than 10
hello
hello there

cities=['Mumbai','London','Bangalore','Pune','Hyderabad']

for city in cities:

    num_chars=len(city)

    print('number of character in the name of city '+city+ ':'+ str(num_chars))

OUTPUT:

number of character in the name of city Mumbai:6
number of character in the name of city London:6
number of character in the name of city Bangalore:9
number of character in the name of city Pune:4
number of character in the name of city Hyderabad:9

x=10

if x>6:

    print('greater than 6')

    if x>7:

        print('greater than 7')

        if x>8:

            print('greater than 8')

OUTPUT:

greater than 6
greater than 7
greater than 8

# break , continue , pass

x=[[1,2],['a','b'],[34,67]]

for i,j in x:

    print(i,j)

OUTPUT:

1 2
a b
34 67

ctr=0

for city in cities:

    print(ctr,':',len(city))

    ctr+=1

OUTPUT:

0 : 6
1 : 6
2 : 9
3 : 4
4 : 9

Dictionaries

my_dict={'name':'lalit','city':'hyderabad','locality':'gachibowli','num_vehicles':2,3:78,4:[3,4,5,6]}

type(my_dict)

output:

dict

my_dict.keys()

output:

dict_keys(['name', 'city', 'locality', 'num_vehicles', 3, 4])

my_dict.values()

output:

dict_values(['lalit', 'hyderabad', 'gachibowli', 2, 78, [3, 4, 5, 6]])

my_dict['locality']

output:

'gachibowli'

my_dict[4]

output:

[3, 4, 5, 6]

my_dict['last_name']='sachan'
my_dict

output:

{'name': 'lalit',
 'city': 'hyderabad',
 'locality': 'gachibowli',
 'num_vehicles': 2,
 3: 78,
 4: [3, 4, 5, 6],
 'last_name': 'sachan'}

del my_dict['num_vehicles']
my_dict

output:

{'name': 'lalit', 'city': 'hyderabad', 'locality': 'gachibowli', 3: 78, 4: [3, 4, 5, 6], 'last_name': 'sachan'}

for itr in my_dict:
	print(itr)

output:

name city locality 3 4 last_name

for itr in my_dict:
	print(itr,my_dict[itr])

output:

name lalit city hyderabad locality gachibowli 3 78 4 [3, 4, 5, 6] last_name sachan

my_dict.items()

output:

dict_items([('name', 'lalit'), ('city', 'hyderabad'), ('locality', 'gachibowli'), (3, 78), (4, [3, 4, 5, 6]), ('last_name', 'sachan')])

for key,value in my_dict.items():
	print('key :', key , ' and value :',value)

output:

key : name  and value : lalit
key : city  and value : hyderabad
key : locality  and value : gachibowli
key : 3  and value : 78
key : 4  and value : [3, 4, 5, 6]
key : last_name  and value : sachan

Sets

names={'lalit','spanadan','deepta','manoj'}
type(names)

output:

set

'lalit' in names

output:

True

'harsh' not in names

output:

True

names.add('harsh')
names

output:

{'deepta', 'harsh', 'lalit', 'manoj', 'spanadan'}

names.add('harsh')

output:

{'deepta', 'harsh', 'lalit', 'manoj', 'spanadan'}

names.remove('lalit')
names

output:

{'deepta', 'harsh', 'manoj', 'spanadan'}

for name in names:
	print(name)

output:

manoj spanadan harsh deepta

a={1,2,3,4,5,6}
b={4,5,6,7,8,9}

c=a.union(b)
c

output:

{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

a.intersection(b)

output:

{4, 5, 6}

a.difference(b)

output:

{1, 2, 3}

b.difference(a)

output:

{7, 8, 9}

a.symmetric_difference(b)

output:

{1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9}

Functions

x=12

fib_series=[1,1]

ctr=2

while ctr<x:

    fib_series.append(fib_series[-1]+fib_series[-2])

    ctr+=1

fib_series

output:

[1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144]

def fib_series_creator(num_elements):

    fib_series=[1,1]

    ctr=2

    while ctr<num_elements:

        fib_series.append(fib_series[-1]+fib_series[-2])

        ctr+=1

    return(fib_series)

fib_series_creator(3)

output:

[1, 1, 2]

def mysum(x,y,z):
	return(2*x+3*y+4*z)
mysum(1,2,3)

output:

20

mysum(2,4)

output:

def mysum(x=1,y=10,z=100):
	return(2*x+3*y+4*z)
mysum(1,2,3)

output:

20

Args and kwargs

# * is an unpacking operator

# we can make use of it to create a function which can take variable number of argument

# many of these function can also be written where they are built for taking a list as an argument

def mymax_1(x):

m=-float('inf')

for elem in x:

if elem>m:

m=elem

return m

mymax_1([3,4,5,-10,55,2,1])

Output:

55

def mymax_2(*x):

m=-float('inf')

for elem in x:

if elem>m:

m=elem

return m

mymax_2(3,4,5,-10,55,2,1)

output:

55

mymax_2(3,4,5,-10,55,2,1,99,-100,54,67)

Output:

99

mymax_2(*[3,4,5,-10,55,2,1,99,-100,54,67])

output:

99

# a more useful purpose of unpacking operator is that 

# you can use unpacking operator to pass your argument as a list to a function which  takes

# fixed number of arguments . This you dont have to manually extract them into individual elements and 

# then pass to the function . here is an example 

def combine_name(first,last):

    name=first+' '+last

    return(name)

names=[['lalit','sachan'],['rajkumar','rao'],['hardik','pandya']]

for x in names :

print(combine_name(x[0],x[1]))

Output:

lalit sachan
rajkumar rao
hardik pandya

Understanding Global and Local Scoping

a=20

b=10

def exp1(a,b):

    a=7

    b=3 

    global c

    c=100

    print(a,b)

a,b

exp1(a,b)

c

class experiment():

def init(self,a,b):

self.A=a

self.B=b

def do_something(self,x):

return(self.A*x+self.B*x)

Class

c1_name='lalit'

c1_balance=100

c1_last_wd=10

c2_name='pravin'

c2_balance=200

c2_last_wd=50

class customer():  

    def init(self,name,balance,last_wd):

        self.name=name

        self.balance=balance

        self.last_wd=last_wd

    def withdraw(self,amount):

        if(amount>self.balance):

            print('insufficient balance')

        else:

            self.balance-=amount

            self.last_wd=amount

    def deposit(self,amount):

        self.balance += amount

        return(self.balance)

A Bad Usage of Class

Decorators in Python

Inheritance