General

• Algorithm: An algorithm is a specific set of instructions which is used to solve the specific problems.

• Binary: Binary refers to the "base 2" method of counting, in which only the digits 0 and 1 are used.

• Discrete Mathematics: Discrete mathematics is the branch of mathematics dealing with objects that can assume only distinct, separated values.

• Logic: Logic is the formal mathematical study of the methods, structure, and validity of mathematical deduction and proof.​

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Combinatorics

• Binomial Coefficient: The binomial coefficient is a notation and function giving the number of ways of picking k unordered outcomes from n possibilities, also known as a combination or combinatorial number.

• Binomial Theorem: The binomial theorem is a formula describing how to expand powers of a binomial (x+a)n using binomial coefficients.

• Combinatorics: Combinatorics is the branch of mathematics studying the enumeration, combination, and permutation of sets of elements and the mathematical relations that characterize these properties.

• Fibonacci Number: A member of the Fibonacci sequence. The Fibonacci sequence is generated by beginning with 1, 1, 2, 3 and continuing so that subsequent terms are the sum of the two previous numbers.

• Generating Function: The generating function of a sequence of numbers is a formal power series whose coefficients are the members of that sequence.

• Magic Square:  A magic square is a square array of positive integers such that the sum of any row, column, or main diagonal equals that of any other.

• Pascal's Triangle: Pascal's triangle is a triangular array of binomial coefficients that can visually illustrate several of their properties.

• Permutation: In combinatorics, a permutation is a rearrangement of the elements in an ordered list S into a one-to-one correspondence with S itself. Combinatorics studies the number of possible ways of doing this under various conditions.

• Recurrence Relation: A recurrence relation is a mathematical relationship expressing the members of a sequence as some combination of their predecessors.

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Graph Theory

• Chromatic Number: The chromatic number is the smallest number of colors necessary to color the vertices of a graph or the regions of a surface such that no two adjacent vertices or regions are the same color.

• Complete Graph: A complete graph is a network in which every pair of vertices is connected by an edge.

• Connected Graph: A connected graph is a network for which there is a path between any pair of vertices.

• Cycle Graph: A cycle graph is a network containing a single cycle which passes through all its vertices.

• Directed Graph: A directed graph is a network in which each edge is specified as going in a particular direction.

• Graph: In graph theory, a graph, also called a network, is a collection of points together with lines that connect some subset of the points.

• Graph Cycle: A graph cycle is any of a network's edge-set subsets that forms a path in which the first node is also the last.

• Graph Theory: Graph theory is the study of formal mathematical structures called graphs (or networks), consisting of collections of points together with lines that connect some subset of the points.

• Planar Graph: A planar graph is a network that can be drawn in a plane without any edges intersecting.

• Polyhedral Graph: A polyhedral graph is a network made up of the vertices and edges of a polyhedron. Polyhedral graphs are always planar.

• Tree: A tree is a network that contains no cycles.