Practice Set: Implement OOPs
Task 1: Classes and Their Attributes
You are working as a software developer for TechShop, a company that sells electronic gadgets. Your task is to design and implement an application using Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles to manage customer information, product details, and orders. Below are the classes you need to create:
Customers Class:
Attributes:
CustomerID (int)
FirstName (string)
LastName (string)
Email (string)
Phone (string)
Address (string)
Methods:
CalculateTotalOrders(): Calculates the total number of orders placed by this customer.
GetCustomerDetails(): Retrieves and displays detailed information about the customer.
UpdateCustomerInfo(): Allows the customer to update their information (e.g., email, phone, or address).
Products Class:
Attributes:
ProductID (int)
ProductName (string)
Description (string)
Price (decimal)
Methods:
GetProductDetails(): Retrieves and displays detailed information about the product.
UpdateProductInfo(): Allows updates to product details (e.g., price, description).
IsProductInStock(): Checks if the product is currently in stock.
Orders Class:
Attributes:
OrderID (int)
Customer (Customer) - Use composition to reference the Customer who placed the order.
OrderDate (DateTime)
TotalAmount (decimal)
Methods:
CalculateTotalAmount() - Calculate the total amount of the order.
GetOrderDetails(): Retrieves and displays the details of the order (e.g., product list and quantities).
UpdateOrderStatus(): Allows updating the status of the order (e.g., processing, shipped).
CancelOrder(): Cancels the order and adjusts stock levels for products.
OrderDetails Class:
Attributes:
OrderDetailID (int)
Order (Order) - Use composition to reference the Order to which this detail belongs.
Product (Product) - Use composition to reference the Product included in the order detail.
Quantity (int)
Methods:
CalculateSubtotal() - Calculate the subtotal for this order detail.
GetOrderDetailInfo(): Retrieves and displays information about this order detail.
UpdateQuantity(): Allows updating the quantity of the product in this order detail.
AddDiscount(): Applies a discount to this order detail.
Inventory class:
Attributes:
InventoryID(int)
Product (Composition): The product associated with the inventory item.
QuantityInStock: The quantity of the product currently in stock.
LastStockUpdate
Methods:
GetProduct(): A method to retrieve the product associated with this inventory item.
GetQuantityInStock(): A method to get the current quantity of the product in stock.
AddToInventory(int quantity): A method to add a specified quantity of the product to the inventory.
RemoveFromInventory(int quantity): A method to remove a specified quantity of the product from the inventory.
UpdateStockQuantity(int newQuantity): A method to update the stock quantity to a new value.
IsProductAvailable(int quantityToCheck): A method to check if a specified quantity of the product is available in the inventory.
GetInventoryValue(): A method to calculate the total value of the products in the inventory based on their prices and quantities.
ListLowStockProducts(int threshold): A method to list products with quantities below a specified threshold, indicating low stock.
ListOutOfStockProducts(): A method to list products that are out of stock.
ListAllProducts(): A method to list all products in the inventory, along with their quantities.
Task 2: Class Creation:
Create the classes (Customers, Products, Orders, OrderDetails and Inventory) with the specified attributes.
Implement the constructor for each class to initialize its attributes.
Implement methods as specified.
Task 3: Encapsulation:
Implement encapsulation by making the attributes private and providing public properties (getters and setters) for each attribute.
Add data validation logic to setter methods (e.g., ensure that prices are non-negative, quantities are positive integers).
Task 4: Composition:
Ensure that the Order and OrderDetail classes correctly use composition to reference Customer and Product objects.
Orders Class with Composition:
o In the Orders class, we want to establish a composition relationship with the Customers class, indicating that each order is associated with a specific customer.
o In the Orders class, we've added a private attribute customer of type Customers, establishing a composition relationship. The Customer property provides access to the Customers object associated with the order.
OrderDetails Class with Composition:
o Similarly, in the OrderDetails class, we want to establish composition relationships with both the Orders and Products classes to represent the details of each order, including the product being ordered.
o In the OrderDetails class, we've added two private attributes, order and product, of types Orders and Products, respectively, establishing composition relationships. The Order property provides access to the Orders object associated with the order detail, and the Product property provides access to the Products object representing the product in the order detail.
Customers and Products Classes:
o The Customers and Products classes themselves may not have direct composition relationships with other classes in this scenario. However, they serve as the basis for composition relationships in the Orders and OrderDetails classes, respectively.
Inventory Class:
o The Inventory class represents the inventory of products available for sale. It can have composition relationships with the Products class to indicate which products are in the inventory.
Task 5: Exceptions handling
Data Validation:
o Challenge: Validate user inputs and data from external sources (e.g., user registration, order placement).
o Scenario: When a user enters an invalid email address during registration.
o Exception Handling: Throw a custom InvalidDataException with a clear error message.
Inventory Management:
o Challenge: Handling inventory-related issues, such as selling more products than are in stock.
o Scenario: When processing an order with a quantity that exceeds the available stock. o Exception Handling: Throw an InsufficientStockException and update the order status accordingly.
Order Processing:
o Challenge: Ensuring the order details are consistent and complete before processing. o Scenario: When an order detail lacks a product reference.
o Exception Handling: Throw an IncompleteOrderException with a message explaining the issue.
Payment Processing:
o Challenge: Handling payment failures or declined transactions.
o Scenario: When processing a payment for an order and the payment is declined.
o Exception Handling: Handle payment-specific exceptions (e.g., PaymentFailedException) and initiate retry or cancellation processes.
File I/O (e.g., Logging):
o Challenge: Logging errors and events to files or databases.
o Scenario: When an error occurs during data persistence (e.g., writing a log entry).
o Exception Handling: Handle file I/O exceptions (e.g., IOException) and log them appropriately.
Database Access:
o Challenge: Managing database connections and queries.
o Scenario: When executing a SQL query and the database is offline.
o Exception Handling: Handle database-specific exceptions (e.g., SqlException) and implement connection retries or failover mechanisms.
Concurrency Control:
o Challenge: Preventing data corruption in multi-user scenarios.
o Scenario: When two users simultaneously attempt to update the same order.
o Exception Handling: Implement optimistic concurrency control and handle ConcurrencyException by notifying users to retry.
Security and Authentication:
o Challenge: Ensuring secure access and handling unauthorized access attempts.
o Scenario: When a user tries to access sensitive information without proper authentication.
o Exception Handling: Implement custom AuthenticationException and AuthorizationException to handle security-related issues.
Task 6: Collections
Managing Products List:
o Challenge: Maintaining a list of products available for sale (List).
o Scenario: Adding, updating, and removing products from the list.
o Solution: Implement methods to add, update, and remove products. Handle exceptions for duplicate products, invalid updates, or removal of products with existing orders.
Managing Orders List:
o Challenge: Maintaining a list of customer orders (List).
o Scenario: Adding new orders, updating order statuses, and removing canceled orders. o Solution: Implement methods to add new orders, update order statuses, and remove canceled orders. Ensure that updates are synchronized with inventory and payment records.
Sorting Orders by Date:
o Challenge: Sorting orders by order date in ascending or descending order.
o Scenario: Retrieving and displaying orders based on specific date ranges.
o Solution: Use the List collection and provide custom sorting methods for order date. Consider implementing SortedList if you need frequent sorting operations.
Inventory Management with SortedList:
o Challenge: Managing product inventory with a SortedList based on product IDs.
o Scenario: Tracking the quantity in stock for each product and quickly retrieving inventory information.
o Solution: Implement a SortedList where keys are product IDs. Ensure that inventory updates are synchronized with product additions and removals.
Handling Inventory Updates:
o Challenge: Ensuring that inventory is updated correctly when processing orders.
o Scenario: Decrementing product quantities in stock when orders are placed.
o Solution: Implement a method to update inventory quantities when orders are processed. Handle exceptions for insufficient stock.
Product Search and Retrieval:
o Challenge: Implementing a search functionality to find products based on various criteria (e.g., name, category).
o Scenario: Allowing customers to search for products.
o Solution: Implement custom search methods using LINQ queries on the List collection. Handle exceptions for invalid search criteria.
Duplicate Product Handling:
o Challenge: Preventing duplicate products from being added to the list.
o Scenario: When a product with the same name or SKU is added.
o Solution: Implement logic to check for duplicates before adding a product to the list. Raise exceptions or return error messages for duplicates.
Payment Records List:
o Challenge: Managing a list of payment records for orders (List).
o Scenario: Recording and updating payment information for each order.
o Solution: Implement methods to record payments, update payment statuses, and handle payment errors. Ensure that payment records are consistent with order records.
OrderDetails and Products Relationship:
o Challenge: Managing the relationship between OrderDetails and Products.
o Scenario: Ensuring that order details accurately reflect the products available in the inventory. o Solution: Implement methods to validate product availability in the inventory before adding order details. Handle exceptions for unavailable products.
Task 7: Database Connectivity
Implement a DatabaseConnector class responsible for establishing a connection to the "TechShopDB" database. This class should include methods for opening, closing, and managing database connections.
Implement classes for Customers, Products, Orders, OrderDetails, Inventory with properties, constructors, and methods for CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations
1: Customer Registration
Description: When a new customer registers on the TechShop website, their information (e.g., name, email, phone) needs to be stored in the database. Task: Implement a registration form and database connectivity to insert new customer records. Ensure proper data validation and error handling for duplicate email addresses.
2: Product Catalog Management
Description: TechShop regularly updates its product catalog with new items and changes in product details (e.g., price, description). These changes need to be reflected in the database.
Task: Create an interface to manage the product catalog. Implement database connectivity to update product information. Handle changes in product details and ensure data consistency.
3: Placing Customer Orders
Description: Customers browse the product catalog and place orders for products they want to purchase. The orders need to be stored in the database.
Task: Implement an order processing system. Use database connectivity to record customer orders, update product quantities in inventory, and calculate order totals.
4: Tracking Order Status
Description: Customers and employees need to track the status of their orders. The order status information is stored in the database.
Task: Develop a feature that allows users to view the status of their orders. Implement database connectivity to retrieve and display order status information.
5: Inventory Management
Description: TechShop needs to manage product inventory, including adding new products, updating stock levels, and removing discontinued items. Task: Create an inventory management system with database connectivity. Implement features for adding new products, updating quantities, and handling discontinued products.
6: Sales Reporting
Description: TechShop management requires sales reports for business analysis. The sales data is stored in the database.
Task: Design and implement a reporting system that retrieves sales data from the database and generates reports based on specified criteria.
7: Customer Account Updates
Description: Customers may need to update their account information, such as changing their email address or phone number. Task: Implement a user profile management feature with database connectivity to allow customers to update their account details. Ensure data validation and integrity.
8: Payment Processing
Description: When customers make payments for their orders, the payment details (e.g., payment method, amount) must be recorded in the database. Task: Develop a payment processing system that interacts with the database to record payment transactions, validate payment information, and handle errors.
9: Product Search and Recommendations
Description: Customers should be able to search for products based on various criteria (e.g., name, category) and receive product recommendations.
Task: Implement a product search and recommendation engine that uses database connectivity to retrieve relevant product information
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